EMF Dashboard

This gauge shows the current solar wind speed, measured in hundreds of kilometers per second (km/s), flowing from the Sun toward Earth.

What you're seeing:
Green = normal (low-speed wind, ~300–500 km/s)
Yellow = elevated
Red = very fast solar wind (700+ km/s), often from coronal holes or solar eruptions.

Why it matters:
High-speed solar wind can disturb Earth’s magnetic field, trigger auroras, and affect satellite systems, radio, and GPS.

How to read it:
Green = quiet
Yellow = increased energy in the solar wind
Red = storm-capable and may indicate potential geomagnetic disturbances if other conditions are favorable (like magnetic polarity).

This is one of the most important indicators for near-Earth space weather impacts.

This gauge displays solar wind pressure, measured in nanopascals (nPa). It reflects the force exerted by the solar wind as it presses against Earth’s magnetic shield.

What you're seeing:
Green = low pressure (normal background solar wind)
Yellow = moderately increased
Red = high pressure, often linked to solar storms or CMEs (coronal mass ejections)

Why it matters:
Increased pressure compresses Earth’s magnetosphere, making it easier for energetic particles to enter the atmosphere. This can intensify auroras and disrupt communication systems.

How to read it:
• 1–3 nPa = typical during quiet solar conditions
• 5–10 nPa = may indicate active solar wind
• 10+ nPa = high and often a precursor or part of a geomagnetic storm

Pressure spikes, when combined with high wind speeds and southward magnetic fields, are a classic recipe for geomagnetic activity.

This gauge shows the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) Clock Angle, which indicates the direction of the solar magnetic field near Earth. It’s a polar angle where:

• 0° = North (upward)
• 180° = South (downward)

Why it matters:
When the angle points southward (≈180°), it's more geoeffective. That means the solar magnetic field is oriented in a direction that more easily merges with Earth's magnetic field, allowing more energy to enter the magnetosphere.

What you're seeing:
Green/Yellow zones = Northward or neutral — typical quiet conditions
Red zone = Southward — higher risk of geomagnetic activity

How to read it:
Normal conditions keep the needle pointed toward the white or green zones. When the needle points toward the red (south), the risk of geomagnetic storms rises sharply. This metric is most useful when interpreted alongside solar wind speed and pressure, especially for forecasting auroras or satellite interference.

This animation shows a model simulation of how solar wind travels from the Sun through the solar system toward Earth. It’s produced by the SUSANOO system, a Japanese forecasting tool that uses physics-based models to predict solar wind behavior and its potential impact on Earth.

What you're seeing:
- The Sun is at the center.
- Earth is one of the small dots on the outer track (near the right side).
- Colored regions show the density of solar wind:
Blue = low density (calm),
Yellow/Red = high density (more energy, more pressure).

These waves or bursts moving outward from the Sun are either background solar wind or shock fronts caused by solar eruptions like CMEs.

Why it matters:
Tracking how solar wind structures move toward Earth helps predict space weather events. If a high-density region (yellow/red) is directed toward Earth, it could compress Earth's magnetosphere and trigger geomagnetic storms.

Normal vs Disturbed:
- Normal: Mostly blue background, with no dense structures heading toward Earth.
- Active: Yellow regions moving near or toward Earth indicate incoming solar wind increases.
- Extreme: Large, fast red zones directed at Earth can lead to strong geomagnetic storms and potential disruptions in power, satellites, and communication.

This tool provides a forecast-like view of the structure and timing of solar wind that may affect Earth's magnetic field in the coming days.

This animation shows a computer simulation of solar wind movement through the solar system, using the ENLIL model. It’s a forecasting tool used to project the trajectory and speed of solar wind structures, especially after a solar eruption.

What you're seeing:
- The frames show density and velocity of solar wind from top-down and side perspectives.
- Earth is a small white or blue dot.
- Colored zones show solar wind conditions:
Blue/Green = calm,
Yellow/Orange = moderate,
Red = fast and dense — often CME-driven.

Why it matters:
When these structures are Earth-directed, they can trigger geomagnetic storms. ENLIL is used to forecast possible arrival times and the severity of impact from solar eruptions.

Normal vs Disturbed:
- Normal: Mostly green/blue zones, indicating average wind speeds and low density.
- Active: Yellow/orange fronts moving toward Earth signal elevated risk.
- Extreme: Compact, fast-moving red zones are often geomagnetic storm drivers.

This tool is most useful for anticipating space weather 1–4 days before impact.

These real-time graphs come from ground magnetometer stations in the UK: Lerwick, Eskdalemuir, and Hartland. They track changes in Earth’s magnetic field across three components:

• H — Horizontal intensity (red line)
• D — Magnetic declination or compass direction (yellow line)
• Z — Vertical intensity (green line)

What you're seeing:
Spikes, dips, or oscillations in these lines indicate geomagnetic disturbances caused by solar wind or CMEs.

Why it matters:
These disturbances can impact power grids, pipelines, and navigation systems. They are also used to confirm the arrival and severity of solar-driven geomagnetic storms.

How to read it:
- Normal: Flat or gently sloping lines = quiet geomagnetic conditions.
- Active: Small but sustained wave-like movement across all lines.
- Extreme: Sharp spikes, rapid fluctuations, or large deviations indicate intense geomagnetic activity — often from a CME impact.

This tool gives a direct look at how Earth’s magnetic field is responding to space weather in real time, specific to the UK.